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Puerto Rican Oral History

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Who’s a Brooklynite? Oral Histories from Inventing Brooklyn

Inventing Brooklyn Postcard FINAL2Inventing Brooklyn: People, Places, Progress, now open at Brooklyn Historical Society, traces the evolution of Brooklyn into the place we know today. From Native American roots and lasting Dutch colonial influences to icons such as the Brooklyn Bridge and the Dodgers, Inventing Brooklyn looks at how various peoples, places, and historical events have shaped the development of the borough. 

Brooklyn’s diversity has long been a point of local pride and continues to define the borough today.  The oral histories featured in the exhibit speak to the diversity of Brooklyn’s people, neighborhoods, and many immigrant experiences. 

Paul Mak  was born in Hong Kong and immigrated here with his family.  He is the founder of the Brooklyn Chinese-American Association, which serves the Chinese-American population of Brooklyn, and specifically Sunset Park.  In this clip, Paul recalls his experience at James Madison High School where he witnessed the influx of Chinese immigrants as a student in the 1980s.

8th Avenue Sunset Park Oral History Collection (1993-1994)

Interview date: March 26, 1993

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Encarnacion Armas, a well-educated and well-traveled resident of Brooklyn, describes her involvement with the Puerto Rican community in Brooklyn in the 1940s.  In this clip, Armas reminisces about moving to Bay Ridge as a teenager and shares her experiences serving the Puerto Rican community.

Puerto Rican Oral History Project (1973-1976)

Interview Date: October 21, 1974

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Milton Wurtzel  was born in Manhattan and grew up in the Bronx and in Stuyvesant Heights, Brooklyn on Kosciusko Street. Wurtzel worked at Lieberman Shoe Factory as a foreman and at a slipper factory before he began his job as a welder at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. In this clip, Wurtzel discusses the ethnic diversity at the Navy Yard during the 1940s.

Brooklyn Navy Yard Oral History Project (ongoing)

Interview Date: February 12, 2009

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Inventing Brooklyn: People, Places, Progress was created by the high school students in Brooklyn Historical Society’s Exhibition Laboratory program.  From archival research to writing labels to selecting these oral history clips, the 2011 Ex Lab students worked closely with BHS staff, consulting historians, and professional exhibit designers over the course of the spring in order to make Inventing Brooklyn come to life.

Stories from Puerto Rico

Writing in 1975, Angelo Falcón, founder of the National Institute for Latino Policy and currently a professor at Columbia University, said:

The more than century-old presence of a politically active Puerto Rican community in New York City has been curiously obscured, afflicted by what Russell Jacoby calls ‘social amnesia’ and with serious consequences.  (Puerto Rican Politics in Urban America, 1984)

35 years later, last Friday, BHS celebrated the newly accessible Puerto Rican Oral History, 1973-1975.  This oral history project, initiated in 1973 by John D. Vasquez, then Director of Puerto Rican Studies at New York City Community College, was the first oral history project undertaken by BHS.  As coordinator of the BHS Oral History Program, I am proud that BHS answered the call coming from Falcón, Vasquez and others at that time to document the important contributions and experiences of the Puerto Rican community in Brooklyn.

The oral history interviews in this collection are newly accessible even though they were conducted between 1973-1975 because until now, only transcripts were available – you couldn’t listen to the actual interviews which were recorded on cassette tape.  BHS is a leader among archives who give researchers access to the actual audio/video of interviews rather than just transcripts.  BHS gives primacy to the audio document because as Alessandro Portelli says, “The tone and volume range and the rhythm of popular speech carry implicit meaning and social connotations which are not reproducible in writing.” (The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Stories, 1991).  This is one of the ways BHS furthers our mission to make the vibrant history of Brooklyn tangible, relevant, and meaningful today.

Everyone is welcome to come to BHS to listen to the voices collected in this oral history, which is also made accessible at Centro.  Centro gives online access to some of their collections including this excellent bilingual educational resource: The Electronic Schoolhouse/La Escuela Electrónica.

Listen to Amna Ahmad, BHS Oral History Intern and Columbia student, discuss her experience digitizing this collection from cassette tape and the stories she heard listening to ALL 75 HOURS of interviews!

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Amna Ahmad & Pedro Juan Hernandez

Amna Ahmad & Pedro Juan Hernandez

Pedro Juan Hernández, Senior Archivist at Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños/Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College, CUNY; Chela Scott Weber, Archivist & Director of the Othmer Library at BHS;  and I also spoke on Friday about the importance of this collection.  Among those joining the discussion were El Diario’s Erica González; folklorist Elena Martinez, creator of the Steamship Migration tour of New York on the City of Memory; and Stephanie Alvarez, mother of Cassie Alvarez, BHS Visitor Services Assistant who we were surprised to discover is a descendant of Luis Felipe Weber, an important leader of the Puerto Rican community in the 1920s who is often discussed by narrators in this collection.

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Stephanie Alvarez and her daughter Cassie Alvarez

Here are some samples from the Puerto Rican Oral History collection.  These interviews were recorded between 1973-1975:

Listen to Celia Vicé (b 1920), civic leader, former Commissioner of NYC Commission on Human Rights, and at the time of the interview president of Puerto Rican Heritage publications:

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Listen to Honorina Weber Irizarry (b ca. 1905) talk about how being bilingual helped her in the workplace and the generosity of her brother Luis Felipe Weber:

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Listen to Luis Hernandez (b ca. 1923), then NYC Commissioner on Human Rights talk about leaders in the Puerto Rican community in Brooklyn:

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Listen to Sister Carmelita (b. 1907) talk about the Spanish-speaking community in Brooklyn and changes in religious practice:

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To hear more, including interviews in Spanish, please visit BHS and listen in the Library.

To read more, here’s a Select Bibliography about Puerto Rican community in New York City.



Puerto Rico, March 2, 1917

Image courtesy of on Flickr

Bicycle Fetish Day 2006, Williamsburg, Brooklyn; Image courtesy of bluecinema on Flickr

On this day in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Jones Act thereby making Puerto Rico a United States territory and extending citizenship to all Puerto Ricans.  This allowed people to migrate from Puerto Rico to the mainland United States at a time when quotas were restricting immigration (Immigration Act of 1924).  This also meant that the WWI draft extended to residents of Puerto Rico, sending 20,000 Puerto Rican people to the U.S. Army.  Because of the Jones Act, Puerto Rican residents are able to vote upon migrating to mainland U.S., however, Puerto Rican residents remaining in Puerto Rico are still not allowed to vote in Federal elections.

From 1973-1975, the Brooklyn Historical Society interviewed over 70 people who migrated to Brooklyn from Puerto Rico between 1917-1940. These narrators, born between 1890-1940, tell wonderful stories about their steamship journey, family life, work life, and establishing Puerto Rican civic and cultural organizations in Brooklyn.

You can listen to stories from the Puerto Rican Oral History collection, 1973-1975 in BHS’s Othmer Library.  The collection is also made available at Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños at Hunter College, CUNY.  And on Friday, April 16th, 12-2PM, BHS will be hosting a Brown Bag Lecture as part of the Mayor’s Immigrant Heritage Week:  Join BHS’s oral historian Sady Sullivan, archivist Chela Scott Weber, Centro’s Senior Archivist Pedro Juan Hernandez, and Columbia student and BHS Intern Amna Ahmad for a lively introduction to this important historical collection.